peptide wiki

Thymulin

aka Facteur Thymique Serique (FTS)

Immune Modulator

Mechanism

Thymulin is a zinc-dependent nonapeptide (pGlu-Ala-Lys-Ser-Gln-Gly-Gly-Ser-Asn) secreted by thymic epithelial cells, originally isolated by Bach and colleagues in the 1970s as 'facteur thymique sérique' (FTS). It is NOT the same compound as Thymalin (a Russian bovine thymus extract) or Thymosin alpha-1 (a separate 28-amino-acid thymic peptide). Thymulin is not FDA-approved; use is research/investigational only.

Identification

CAS number78922-62-0
Molecular formulaC33H54N12O15
SequencepGlu-Ala-Lys-Ser-Gln-Gly-Gly-Ser-Asn
Typical dose10–20 mcg/day subcutaneous (research use); some protocols report 100–400 mcg 3×/week
Half-life~10 minutes (free form in vivo)

Vendors selling Thymulin

VendorSizePriceListed purityTrust
BioLongevity Labs 10 mg $64.97 96
Skye Peptides 10 mg $59.00 90
Simple Peptide $84.00 85
AMC Essentials 10 mg $39.99
Alpha Omega $84.00
Polaris Peptides 100 mg $185.00
Polaris Peptides 10 mg $40.00
Southern Aminos 10 mg $74.25
Wellness Peptides $60.00

Research

Targeting Leukopoiesis: Pharmacological and Biotechnological Strategies for the Treatment of Leukopenia
Baktybayeva L, Kaldybayeva AB, Sokolenko A, Tursynova B, Ten AY, Daulet G, Svambayev E, Thevis M, Yu VK, Tassibekov KS. · Biomedicines (2026) · review

Leukopenia remains a major clinical challenge associated with infectious diseases, oncological therapies, autoimmune disorders, and metabolic and iatrogenic conditions.

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ANP32E drives lung adenocarcinoma progression via GSK3β-mediated glycolytic reprogramming
Wang Z, Li Q, Ye Z, Wu X, Fang C, Jiang W, Zhu M. · Cell death & disease (2026) ·

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), a leading cause of cancer mortality, involves incompletely understood epigenetic-metabolic crosstalk. We identified ANP32E as a key regulator through multi-omics (TCGA, scRNA-seq) and clinical analyses, finding its overexpression correlates with poor prognosis.

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Maternal Thymus Adaptations and Hormone Regulation During Pregnancy
Yang L, Wang X, Zhang L. · Cells (2025) · review

The thymus is necessary for the development of T lymphocytes and central tolerance, and adaptations in the maternal thymus are required during pregnancy. In the present paper, maternal thymic cellular anatomy, T-cell development in the thymus, and related progress are reviewed.

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Zinc Fortification and Supplementation to Reduce Diarrhea in Children: A Literature Review
Iqbal S, Malik ZI, Al Dabbas M, Akhtar I, Hussein A. · Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) (2025) · review

Background Zinc deficiency is a major global health issue and appears to be responsible for risk of diarrhea and death, particularly in children under 5 years. This review therefore aimed to summarize the existing literature related to zinc supplementation and fortification for the prevention of diarrhea.

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Zinc deficiency as possible link between immunosenescence and age-related diseases
Schulz MT, Rink L. · Immunity & ageing : I & A (2025) · review

As global life expectancy increases, research reveals a critical challenge in aging: the progressive deterioration of immune function, termed immunosenescence.

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Systemic thymulin overexpression mitigates cognitive and molecular impairments in a rat model of sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease
Peralta F, Escobedo A, Hanotte J, Pardo J, Reggiani P. · Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association (2024) · animal
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Micro nutrients as immunomodulators in the ageing population: a focus on inflammation and autoimmunity
Balamurugan BS, Marimuthu MMC, Sundaram VA, Saravanan B, Chandrababu P, Chopra H, Malik T. · Immunity & ageing : I & A (2024) · review

Immunosenescence, the slow degradation of immune function over time that is a hallmark and driver of aging, makes older people much more likely to be killed by common infections (such as flu) than young adults, but it also contributes greatly to rates of chronic inflammation in later life.

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Protective effect of exogenous peroxiredoxin 6 and thymic peptide thymulin on BBB conditions in an experimental model of multiple sclerosis
Lunin SM, Novoselova EG, Glushkova OV, Parfenyuk SB, Kuzekova AA, Novoselova TV, Sharapov MG, Mubarakshina EK, Goncharov RG, Khrenov MO. · Archives of biochemistry and biophysics (2023) ·

This study aimed to assess the effects of the immunomodulator thymulin, a thymic peptide with anti-inflammatory effects, and peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6), an antioxidant enzyme with dual peroxidase and phospholipase A2 activities, on the blood‒brain barrier (BBB) condition and general health status of animals with relapsing…

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Vitamin A-Mediated Birth Defects: A Narrative Review
Abadie RB, Staples AA, Lauck LV, Dautel AD, Spillers NJ, Klapper RJ, Hirsch JD, Varrassi G, Ahmadzadeh S, Shekoohi S, Kaye AD. · Cureus (2023) · review

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) or excess in expectant mothers can result in fetal abnormalities such as night blindness, bone anomalies, or epithelial cell problems. In contrast, excessive vitamin A in pregnancy can precipitate fetal central nervous system deformities.

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Thymus-derived hormonal and cellular control of cancer
Savino W, Lepletier A. · Frontiers in endocrinology (2023) · review

The thymus gland is a central lymphoid organ in which developing T cell precursors, known as thymocytes, undergo differentiation into distinct type of mature T cells, ultimately migrating to the periphery where they exert specialized effector functions and orchestrate the immune responses against tumor cells, pathogens…

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Reaction of different cell types of the brain on neurotoxin cuprizone and hormone melatonin treatment in young and aging mice
Labunets I, Rodnichenko A, Savosko S, Pivneva T. · Frontiers in cellular neuroscience (2023) · animal

Introduction The brain myelin and neurons destruction in multiple sclerosis may be associated with the production of neuroinflammatory cells (macrophages, astrocytes, T-lymphocytes) of pro-inflammatory cytokines and free radicals.

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Existing knowledge on Zn status biomarkers (1963-2021) with a particular focus on FADS1 and FADS2 diagnostic performance and recommendations for further research
Knez M, Boy E. · Frontiers in nutrition (2022) · review

The role of Zn in human health was discovered 60 years ago, and despite remarkable research efforts, a sufficiently sensitive and specific biomarker of Zn status is still lacking.

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Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Response to Oral Polio Vaccine in Infants in Pakistan
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2010) · rct

Pakistan is one of the 4 developing countries where cases of poliomyelitis are still being identified. Despite the incessant efforts by WHO and UNICEF, this disease is far from control.

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