peptide wiki

ACE-031

aka ACVR2B-Fc

Growth Hormone Secretagogues

Mechanism

ACE-031 (ramatercept) is a soluble fusion protein of the activin receptor IIB (ActRIIB) extracellular domain and human IgG1 Fc, developed by Acceleron Pharma as a myostatin/activin ligand trap for muscle-wasting disorders. Clinical development was HALTED in 2011 after unexpected vascular adverse events (epistaxis, telangiectasia) attributed to off-target BMP-9/10 inhibition. NOT FDA-approved; all further development was terminated. Now sold only as a grey-market research chemical. WADA-prohibited (myostatin inhibitor).

Identification

CAS number1621169-52-5
Molecular formulaC133H227N43O33
Typical dose0.02–3 mg/kg subcutaneous (single or every 2–4 weeks; based on Phase 1/2 clinical trials)
Half-life~10–15 days (human pharmacokinetic data from Phase 1 trial)

Vendors selling ACE-031

VendorSizePriceListed purityTrust
Peptide Tech 1 mg $98.99 94
Peptidology 1 mg $159.00 89
Peptiatlas 51
zztai Peptide Ltd 43
Biotech Peptides 1 mg $161.00
Core Peptides 1 mg $173.00
Kimera Chems $141.99

Research

ACE-031, a soluble activin type IIB receptor, increases muscle mass and strength in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)
Cadena SM, Bogdanovich S, Khurana TS, Pullen A, Pearsall RS, Curran E, Faucette R, Lane J, Seehra J, Lachey JL, Mizener AD, Pistilli EE. · PloS one (2026) ·

Pharmacological blockade of ligands for the activin receptor type IIB (ActRIIB) e.g., myostatin and activin A is associated with improvements in murine skeletal muscle mass and function.

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Fibro-Adipogenic Progenitors Regulate Orofacial Neuromuscular Junction Regeneration via Myostatin
Li R, Liu R, Huang Y, Wang Y, Cheng X, Li J, Zou S, Yin X. · Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle (2026) · animal

Background Orofacial and limb muscles differ in embryonic origin and regenerative capacity. Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) regeneration is critical for muscle restoration both histologically and functionally. The relative potential of orofacial and limb muscles to form postsynaptic apparatuses remains elusive.

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Therapeutic Peptides in Aesthetic, Metabolic and Endocrine Conditions: Effects, Safety, Clinical Applications, and Future Perspectives
Renke G, Chinellato L. · International journal of molecular sciences (2026) · review

Therapeutic peptides are short chains of amino acids used to treat metabolic and endocrine conditions such as obesity and type 2 diabetes.

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Annual Banned-Substance Review 18th Edition-Analytical Approaches in Human Sports Drug Testing 2024/2025
Thevis M, Kuuranne T, Geyer H. · Drug testing and analysis (2026) · review

Alongside the considerable advances and accomplishments in drug research and development, the breadth of anti-doping research topics has also continued to grow.

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Myostatin Research: From Molecular Understanding to Clinical Translation for Musculoskeletal and Metabolic Disorders
Lei C, Jiang H, Yang X, Ding S, Yu Y, Zhang Z, Wang L, Gao C, Lyu A, Qin L, Zhang G, Zhang BT. · International journal of molecular sciences (2026) · review

Myostatin (Mstn), a well-characterized member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, serves as a key negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass. Its overactivation is closely associated with the pathogenesis of various musculoskeletal and metabolic disorders.

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Gel Electrophoretic Detection of Black Market ACE-031
Reichel C, Filip T, Gmeiner G, Thevis M. · Drug testing and analysis (2025) ·

The usage of ACE-031 (Ramatercept), a dimeric fusion protein consisting of a human activin receptor IIB (ACVR2B) fragment linked to an Fc-part of human IgG1, is banned according to chapter S4.3 of the "WADA 2024 List of Prohibited Substances and Methods" due to its potential performance enhancing properties.

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The Potential of SARMs and Antimyostatin Agents in Addressing Lean Body Mass Loss From GLP-1 Agonists: A Literature Review
Wen J, Ansari U, Shehabat M, Ansari Z, Syed B, Razick A, Razick D, Akhtar M, Frezza E. · Journal of diabetes (2025) · review

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have demonstrated substantial weight loss effects among patients with diabetes and obesity. However, given the rapid weight loss induced, there is concern about the total change in body composition, including lean body mass (LBM).

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Bioanalytical methods in doping controls: a review
Thomas A, Walpurgis K, Naumann N, Piper T, Thevis M. · Bioanalysis (2025) · review

The analytical and technological approaches employed in doping analysis are constantly reviewed and updated to allow for keeping pace with progresses in pharmaceutical and medicinal research and the therein inherent options of misuse as performance enhancing drugs or methods.

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Osteosarcopenia: epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, and management
Yi YT, Zhao HF, Wang WZ, Li X. · Frontiers in endocrinology (2025) · review

Osteosarcopenia (OS), a recently recognized syndrome characterized by the simultaneous occurrence of osteopenia/osteoporosis and sarcopenia, has emerged as an important concept in clinical practice.

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The relationship between myodural bridge, atrophy and hyperplasia of the suboccipital musculature, and cerebrospinal fluid dynamics
Yang H, Wei XS, Gong J, Du XM, Feng HB, Su C, Gilmore C, Yue C, Yu SB, Li C, Sui HJ. · Scientific reports (2023) · animal

The Myodural Bridge (MDB) is a physiological structure that is highly conserved in mammals and many of other tetrapods. It connects the suboccipital muscles to the cervical spinal dura mater (SDM) and transmits the tensile forces generated by the suboccipital muscles to the SDM.

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Myostatin inhibitor ACE-031 treatment of ambulatory boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Results of a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Campbell C, McMillan HJ, Mah JK, Tarnopolsky M, Selby K, McClure T, Wilson DM, Sherman ML, Escolar D, Attie KM. · Muscle & nerve (2017) · rct

Introduction ACE-031 is a fusion protein of activin receptor type IIB and IgG1-Fc, which binds myostatin and related ligands. It aims to disrupt the inhibitory effect on muscle development and provide potential therapy for myopathies like Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).

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A single ascending-dose study of muscle regulator ACE-031 in healthy volunteers
Attie KM, Borgstein NG, Yang Y, Condon CH, Wilson DM, Pearsall AE, Kumar R, Willins DA, Seehra JS, Sherman ML. · Muscle & nerve (2013) · rct

Introduction ACE-031 is a soluble form of activin receptor type IIB (ActRIIB). ACE-031 promotes muscle growth by binding to myostatin and other negative regulators of muscle mass.

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Study of ACE-031 in Subjects With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2010) · rct

The purpose of this study is to determine if ACE-031 is safe and well-tolerated in boys with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) and to select the optimal doses of ACE-031 in terms of safety and pharmacodynamic (PD) activity for designing future studies. \[Note: This study was terminated based on safety data\]

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Extension Study of ACE-031 in Subjects With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2010) · rct

To evaluate the long-term safety and tolerability of ACE-031 administration in subjects with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) who participated in Study A031-03. \[Note: This study was terminated based on preliminary safety data.

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A Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Study of ACE-031 in Healthy Postmenopausal Women
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2009) · rct

The purpose of this study is to establish safe dose levels of ACE-031 in healthy postmenopausal women following multiple dose administration. This study will also evaluate if ACE-031 has an effect on muscle.

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A Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Study of ACE-031 (ActRIIB-IgG1)in Healthy Postmenopausal Volunteers
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2008) · rct

Single center, randomized, single dose study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of ACE-031 in healthy postmenopausal volunteers

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