peptide wiki

Thymogen

aka Thymagen

Immune Modulator

Mechanism

Thymogen (also marketed as Thymagen) is a synthetic dipeptide, L-Glu-L-Trp (Glu-Trp), originally isolated by the Khavinson group from the calf-thymus polypeptide complex Thymalin and then synthesized. It is registered as a pharmaceutical in Russia for immunocorrection (nasal drops / IM injection). Not FDA-approved in the US; research-use only.

Identification

CAS number38101-59-6
Molecular formulaC16H19N3O5
SequenceEW
Typical dose100 mcg/day intramuscular (approved Russian protocol, 3–10 day course; 300–1000 mcg total per course); nasal spray 25 mcg/nostril twice daily x 10 days
Half-life~20–30 minutes (vendor-cited estimate; no formal Western-standard PK study available)

Vendors selling Thymogen

VendorSizePriceListed purityTrust
Peptide Tech 20 mg $39.99 94
Skye Peptides 20 mg $79.00 90
Peptidegurus 20 mg 84
Cocer Peptides 20 mg $160.00 82
Wellness Peptides $65.00

Research

Targeting Leukopoiesis: Pharmacological and Biotechnological Strategies for the Treatment of Leukopenia
Baktybayeva L, Kaldybayeva AB, Sokolenko A, Tursynova B, Ten AY, Daulet G, Svambayev E, Thevis M, Yu VK, Tassibekov KS. · Biomedicines (2026) · review

Leukopenia remains a major clinical challenge associated with infectious diseases, oncological therapies, autoimmune disorders, and metabolic and iatrogenic conditions.

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Hepatoprotective Effects of Thymogen Analogues in Hydrazine Hepatopathy in Rats
Chulanova AA, Smakhtina AM, Mal GS, Bobyntsev II, Smakhtin MY, Mishina ES, Kopeykin PM, Bogomolova EG. · Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine (2025) · animal

We studied the reparative and antioxidant effects of thymogen (10 and 100 μg/kg) and its modifications in equimolar doses (12 and 120 μg/kg) obtained by attaching the amino acid D-alanine (D-Ala) to the N- or C-terminus of the peptide molecule.

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The First Reciprocal Activities of Chiral Peptide Pharmaceuticals: Thymogen and Thymodepressin, as Examples
Deigin V, Linkova N, Vinogradova J, Vinogradov D, Polyakova V, Medvedev D, Krasichkov A, Volpina O. · International journal of molecular sciences (2024) · review

Peptides show high promise in the targeting and intracellular delivery of next-generation biotherapeutics. The main limitation is peptides' susceptibility to proteolysis in biological systems. Numerous strategies have been developed to overcome this challenge by chemically enhancing the resistance to proteolysis.

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Reparative and Antioxidant Effects of New Analogues of Immunomodulator Thymogen in Experimental Model of Liver Damage
Chulanova AA, Smakhtin MY, Bobyntsev II, Mishina ES, Artyushkova EB, Smakhtina AM. · Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine (2023) ·

We studied the reparative and antioxidant effects of Thymogen and its new structural analogues obtained by binding amino acid D-Ala to the N- or C-end of the peptide molecule in acute toxic hepatopathy.

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Advancement from Small Peptide Pharmaceuticals to Orally Active Piperazine-2,5-dion-Based Cyclopeptides
Deigin V, Linkova N, Volpina O. · International journal of molecular sciences (2023) · review

The oral delivery of peptide pharmaceuticals has long been a fundamental challenge in drug development. A new chemical platform was designed based on branched piperazine-2,5-diones for creating orally available biologically active peptidomimetics.

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Peptides Regulating Proliferative Activity and Inflammatory Pathways in the Monocyte/Macrophage THP-1 Cell Line
Avolio F, Martinotti S, Khavinson VK, Esposito JE, Giambuzzi G, Marino A, Mironova E, Pulcini R, Robuffo I, Bologna G, Simeone P, Lanuti P, Guarnieri S, Trofimova S, Procopio AD, T, et al. · International journal of molecular sciences (2022) ·

This study evaluates the effects of five different peptides, the Epitalon ® tetrapeptide, the Vilon ® dipeptide, the Thymogen ® dipeptide, the Thymalin ® peptide complex, and the Chonluten ® tripeptide, as regulators of inflammatory and proliferative processes in the human monocytic THP-1, which is a human leukemia mon…

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Development of Peptide Biopharmaceuticals in Russia
Deigin VI, Poluektova EA, Beniashvili AG, Kozin SA, Poluektov YM. · Pharmaceutics (2022) · review

Peptides are low-molecular-weight substances that participate in numerous important physiological functions, such as human growth and development, stress, regulation of the emotional state, sexual behavior, and immune responses.

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The Use of Thymalin for Immunocorrection and Molecular Aspects of Biological Activity
Khavinson V, Linkova N, Chalisova N, Ivko O. · Biology Bulletin Reviews (2021) ·
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Thymodepressin-Unforeseen Immunosuppressor
Deigin VI, Vinogradova JE, Vinogradov DL, Krasilshchikova MS, Ivanov VT. · Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (2021) · animal

The paper summarizes the available information concerning the biological properties and biomedical applications of Thymodepressin. This synthetic peptide drug displays pronounced immunoinhibitory activity across a wide range of conditions in vitro and in vivo.

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Peptides: Prospects for Use in the Treatment of COVID-19
Khavinson V, Linkova N, Dyatlova A, Kuznik B, Umnov R. · Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (2020) · review

There is a vast practice of using antimalarial drugs, RAS inhibitors, serine protease inhibitors, inhibitors of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of the virus and immunosuppressants for the treatment of the severe form of COVID-19, which often occurs in patients with chronic diseases and older persons.

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Novel platform for the preparation of synthetic orally active peptidomimetics with hemoregulating activity. II. Hemosuppressor activity of 2,5-diketopiperazine-based cyclopeptides
Deigin V, Ksenofontova O, Yatskin O, Goryacheva A, Ignatova A, Feofanov A, Ivanov V. · International immunopharmacology (2020) ·

The novel chemical platform formed by the branched piperazine-2,5-dione peptide derivatives (2,5-diketopiperazines) for creating non-invasive biologically active peptidomimetics has been developed.

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[Age features of bioregulatory therapy of dental diseases.]
Pinelis IS, Pinelis YI, Kuznik BI, Iordanishvili AK, Vasiliev MA. · Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii (2020) ·

The article presents data on the use of peptide bioregulators of cell homeostasis and the protective functions of the body in various dental diseases and pathology of organs and tissues of the maxillofacial region.

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