peptide wiki

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP)

aka VIP

Immune Modulator

Mechanism

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) is a 28-amino acid neuropeptide of the secretin/glucagon family, widely distributed in the CNS and peripheral nervous system. It is a potent vasodilator, bronchodilator, and immunomodulator. Synthetic VIP (aviptadil) has been investigated in clinical trials for COVID-19-associated acute respiratory failure; it is NOT FDA-approved. Intranasal compounded VIP is used off-label in the controversial 'CIRS' (Chronic Inflammatory Response Syndrome) / mold-illness protocol popularized by Ritchie Shoemaker — CIRS is not a mainstream medical diagnosis.

Identification

CAS number40077-57-4
Molecular formulaC147H237N43O43S
SequenceHSDAVFTDNYTRLRKQMAVKKYLNSILN
Typical dose50 mcg per nostril (400 mcg/day) intranasal 4x daily (Shoemaker/CIRS protocol); 25–50 mcg/kg inhaled q4–6h for pulmonary research
Half-life~1–2 minutes (plasma, IV/physiological conditions)

Vendors selling Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP)

VendorSizePriceListed purityTrust
Peptide Partners 20 mg $150.00 99
Moglabs 5 mg $36.00 96
Crush Research 10 mg $43.00 95
Orbitrex Peptides 10 mg $74.99 95
Peptide Tech 10 mg $48.99 94
Skye Peptides 5 mg $59.00 90
Qihang Peptide 87
Peptidegurus 6 mg 84
Cocer Peptides 10 mg $220.00 82
Mandy 10 mg $136.00 43
MJT peptides 10 mg $187.00 39
NG Peptide 10 mg $45.00

Research

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) in COVID-19 Therapy-Shedding of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 via ADAM10
Gutzler C, Höhne K, Bani D, Kayser G, Fähndrich S, Ambros M, Hug MJ, Rieg S, Falcone V, Müller-Quernheim J, Zissel G, Frye BC. · International journal of molecular sciences (2025) ·

Patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 may develop mild respiratory symptoms but also Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Additionally, severe systemic inflammation contributes to morbidity and mortality.

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Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) and its Receptors in Adipose Tissue: Implications for Cold Stress Adaptation
Korkmaz OT, Saydam F, Dalkiran B, Değirmenci İ, Tunçel N. · Cell biochemistry and biophysics (2025) · animal

Adipose tissue represents an organ that is highly dynamic and contributes toward vital survival events such as immune responses, lactation, metabolism fuel, and thermogenesis.

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Effect of Non-invasive Neuromodulation on the Quality of Intestinal Cleansing
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2025) · rct

To clarify whether non-invasive neuromodulation for assisted bowel preparation can improve the quality of bowel preparation, to explore the possible mechanisms by which TEA improves the quality of bowel preparation, and to assess its safety, as well as subjects' tolerance, compliance and satisfaction.

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Increased Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) in polycystic ovary syndrome patients undergoing IVF
Sallicandro L, Gliozheni E, Feudi D, Sabbatini P, Pellegrino RM, Alabed HBR, Baldini D, Gerli S, Alviggi C, Cascardi E, Cicinelli E, Malvasi A, Fioretti B. · Frontiers in endocrinology (2024) ·

Introduction Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common multifactorial and polygenic disorder of the endocrine system, affecting up to 20% of women in reproductive age with a still unknown etiology.

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The role of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in atropine-related inhibition of the progression of myopia
Wang Y, Li L, Tang X, Fan H, Song W, Xie J, Tang Y, Jiang Y, Zou Y. · BMC ophthalmology (2024) · animal

Objective This study aimed to investigate the potential involvement of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in myopia development and its contribution to the mechanism of action of the anti-myopia drug, atropine.

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Distribution of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) immunoreactivity in the rat pallial and subpallial amygdala and colocalization with γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Salamanca G, Tagliavia C, Grandis A, Graïc JM, Cozzi B, Bombardi C. · Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) (2024) · animal

The amygdaloid complex, also known as the amygdala, is a heterogeneous group of distinct nuclear and cortical pallial and subpallial structures. The amygdala plays an important role in several complex functions including emotional behavior and learning.

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Observe Intestinal Tract Cleaness of Senile Constipation Patients Used Gastrointestinal External Stimulation
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2024) · rct

This is a prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled trial. Elderly patients with constipation requiring colonoscopy were randomly divided into four groups: 1. Received both gastrointestinal external stimulation and transcutaneouselectrical acupoint stimulation; 2.

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Heme and Cu<sup>2+</sup>-induced vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) tyrosine nitration: A possible molecular mechanism for the attenuated anti-inflammatory effect of VIP in inflammatory diseases
Zeng L, Zhang X, Xia M, Ye H, Li H, Gao Z. · Biochimie (2023) ·

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a neuropeptide that play an important role in immunoregulation and anti-inflammation. Numerous inflammatory/autoimmune disorders are associated with decreased VIP binding ability to receptors and diminished VIP activation of cAMP generation in immune cells.

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Ovarian Innervation Study in Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2023) · cohort

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and ovulatory dysfunction. One of the diagnostic criteria for PCOS is the presence of polycystic ovaries, which are enlarged ovaries with multiple follicles on ultrasound.

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Biochemical Profiling of Migraine Patients
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2023) · cohort

Aim of the study was to assess a potential dysfunction of the endocannabidiome system (eCBome) in migraine patients.

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Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) Protects Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) against <i>Streptococcus agalatiae</i> Infection
Zhang Z, Li Q, Huang Y, Xu Z, Chen X, Jiang B, Huang Y, Jian J. · International journal of molecular sciences (2022) · animal

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), a member of secretin/glucagon family, is involved in a variety of biological activities such as gut motility, immune responses, and carcinogenesis.

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Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) conducts the neuronal activity during absence seizures: GABA seems to be the main mediator of VIP
Korkmaz OT, Arkan S, Öncü-Kaya EM, Ateş N, Tunçel N. · Neuroscience letters (2021) · animal

Absence epilepsy is classified as a childhood generalized epilepsy syndrome with distinctive electroencephalographic patterns. The Wistar Albino Glaxo originating from Rijswijk (WAG/Rij) strain is a very well validated animal model of absence epilepsy that also shows behavioral deficits.

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A Characterization of the Electrophysiological and Morphological Properties of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) Interneurons in the Medial Entorhinal Cortex (MEC)
Badrinarayanan S, Manseau F, Williams S, Brandon MP. · Frontiers in neural circuits (2021) · animal

Circuit interactions within the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) translate movement into a coherent code for spatial location. Entorhinal principal cells are subject to strong lateral inhibition, suggesting that a disinhibitory mechanism may drive their activation.

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Editorial: Novel Therapeutic Potential for Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP), Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) and Related Peptides in Cognition Deficits
Ciranna L, Reglodi D, Chow BK, Vaudry D. · Frontiers in cellular neuroscience (2021) ·
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Effect of Acrylamide Supplementation on the Population of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP)-Like Immunoreactive Neurons in the Porcine Small Intestine
Palus K, Bulc M, Całka J. · International journal of molecular sciences (2020) · animal

Acrylamide is one of the harmful substances present in food.

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Intravenous Aviptadil for Critical COVID-19 With Respiratory Failure
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2020) · rct

Novel Corona Virus (SARS-CoV-2) is known to cause Respiratory Failure, which is the hallmark of Acute COVID-19, as defined by the new NIH/FDA classification. Approximately 50% of those who develop Critical COVID-19 die, despite intensive care and mechanical ventilation.

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Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) localization in the epididymis of two vertebrate species
Rosati L, Andreuccetti P, Prisco M. · Comptes rendus biologies (2017) · animal

VIP and its receptors (VPACRs) are largely investigated in vertebrate testis, as well as their functions in the control of spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis. By contrast, a few data are available about the presence and role of VIP in the epididymis.

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Transcutaneous Electroacupuncture for Gastric Complications of Scleroderma
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2017) · rct

An innovative method of needleless transcutaneous electroacupuncture (TEA) using a newly developed watch-size stimulator is proposed. Weak electrical current will be delivered via skin surface electrodes to acupuncture points related to gastrointestinal functions.

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The Effects of Sphenopalatine Ganglion Acupuncture on Nasal Function
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2014) · rct

Sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG)-acupuncture has been shown to exhibit distinct effects in treatment of nasal inflammatory disease, but the mechanisms remain largely unknown. Investigators aimed to assess the effects of SPG acupuncture for nasal ventilation function and autonomic nervous system in health volunteers.

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Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide in COPD
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2003) · cohort

This study, a new immunomodulatory therapy of COPD with vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) was evaluated. Based on preliminary unpublished clinical and experimental results, the course of disease under VIP treatment and the molecular mechanisms involved were assessed.

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