peptide wiki

Pinealon

aka EDR

Nootropic / Cognitive

Mechanism

Pinealon is a synthetic tripeptide (Glu-Asp-Arg) from the Khavinson bioregulator series, studied for its potential role in regulating pineal gland function and neuroprotective signaling pathways in preclinical models.

Identification

CAS number175175-23-2
Molecular formulaC15H26N6O8
SequenceEDR
Typical dose200–500 mcg/day subcutaneous
Half-life~15–30 minutes (estimated; no formal human PK data)

Vendors selling Pinealon

VendorSizePriceListed purityTrust
Peptide Partners 20 mg $100.00 99
Glacier Aminos 10 mg $49.99 99
BioLongevity Labs 20 mg $69.97 96
Crush Research 10 mg $99.00 95
Orbitrex Peptides $34.99 95
Ion Peptide 10 mg $45.00 95
Licensed Peptides 10 mg $76.99 95
Peptide Tech 20 mg $38.99 94
Mile High Compounds $49.99 94
Riptide Wellness $74.99 92
Skye Peptides 20 mg $69.00 90
Peptide Plugs 10 mg $40.00 89
Verified Peptides 20 mg $55.00 86
Simple Peptide 10 mg $50.00 85
Peptidegurus 16 mg 84
Peptidegurus 20 mg 84
Ascension Peptides 10 mg $53.00 84
Cocer Peptides 20 mg $160.00 82
OROS Research 20 mg 79
Qing Li Peptide 63
AMC Essentials 10.56 mg $45.00
AMC Essentials 20 mg $69.99
Alpha Omega 10 mg $50.00
Atomik Labz 15 mg $66.00
Atomik Labz 15 mg $59.00
Biotech Peptides 20 mg $68.00
Core Peptides 20 mg $75.00
Flawless Compounds
Genetic Peptide 20 mg $20.00
Genetic Peptide 5 mg $20.00
Modern Research Peptides 10 mg $46.99
Oneday Compounds 10 mg $49.99
Peptide Crafters 25 mg $55.00
Peptira $49.00
Platinum Lion $64.99
Solution Peptides 15 mg $66.00
Solution Peptides 15 mg $59.00
Soma Peptides 20 mg $59.00
Southern Aminos 10 mg $74.25
True Peptide 10 mg $45.00
Welli Labs $29.99
Wellness Peptides $55.00

Research

Therapeutic Peptides in Orthopaedics: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions
Rahman OF, Lee SJ, Seeds WA. · Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global research & reviews (2026) · review

Therapeutic peptides are emerging as promising adjuncts in the management of orthopaedic injuries, grounded in their ability to modulate molecular signaling networks central to cellular medicine.

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Short Peptides Protect Fibroblast-Derived Induced Neurons from Age-Related Changes
Kraskovskaya N, Linkova N, Sakhenberg E, Krieger D, Polyakova V, Medvedev D, Krasichkov A, Khotin M, Ryzhak G. · International journal of molecular sciences (2024) ·

Neurons become more vulnerable to stress factors with age, which leads to increased oxidative DNA damage, decreased activity of mitochondria and lysosomes, increased levels of p16, decreased LaminB1 proteins, and the depletion of the dendritic tree.

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Optimization of <i>Jiuzao</i> protein hydrolysis conditions and antioxidant activity <i>in vivo</i> of <i>Jiuzao</i> tetrapeptide Asp-Arg-Glu-Leu by elevating the Nrf2/Keap1-p38/PI3K-MafK signaling pathway
Jiang Y, Wang R, Yin Z, Sun J, Wang B, Zhao D, Zeng XA, Li H, Huang M, Sun B. · Food & function (2021) ·

Tetrapeptide Asp-Arg-Glu-Leu (DREL) was isolated from Jiuzao protein hydrolysates (JPHs) by alkaline proteinase (AP) and exhibited antioxidant activity in the HepG2 cell model in the previous study.

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EDR Peptide: Possible Mechanism of Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis Regulation Involved in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease
Khavinson V, Linkova N, Kozhevnikova E, Trofimova S. · Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (2020) · review

The EDR peptide (Glu-Asp-Arg) has been previously established to possess neuroprotective properties. It activates gene expression and synthesis of proteins, involved in maintaining the neuronal functional activity, and reduces the intensity of their apoptosis in in vitro and in vivo studies.

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Role of Mono- and Divalent Ions in Peptide Glu-Asp-Arg-DNA Interaction
Silanteva IA, Komolkin AV, Morozova EA, Vorontsov-Velyaminov PN, Kasyanenko NA. · The journal of physical chemistry. B (2019) · animal

The interaction of the regulatory biologically active peptide Glu-Asp-Arg (EDR) with DNA is considered by spectral, NMR, viscosimetry, and molecular dynamics methods. It was shown that EDR can partly penetrate into the major groove of DNA and affect the base atoms, mainly the N7 and O6 of guanine.

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[Comparative analysis of different methods of geroprotective]
Myakotnykh VS, Torgashov MN, Egorin KV, Meshchaninov VN, Gavrilov VI, Borovkova TA, Zvezdina EM, Verzhbitskaya TY, Tkachenko EL. · Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii (2016) · cohort

In the monitoring process 110 representatives of different age groups held a comparative analysis of the efficacy and safety of several geroprotective techniques, including the use of dry carbon dioxide baths, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, therapeutic massage and receiving Oligopeptide preparations containing complexes ly…

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[Pinealon and Cortexin influence on behavior and neurochemical processes in 18-month aged rats within hypoxia and hypothermia]
Mendzheritsky AM, Karantysh GV, Ryzhak GA, Prokofiev VN. · Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii (2015) · animal

The research of Cortexin and Pinealon within two models of stress, acute hypobaric hypoxia and mild hypothermia, within 18-month aged rats has been held. The peculiarities of peptide preparations' influence on behavior and neurochemical indeces have been identified.

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[EFFECT OF SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES ON AGING OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC POLYMORBIDITY AND ORGANIC BRAIN SYNDROME OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN REMISSION]
Meshchaninov VN, Tkachenko EL, Zharkov SV, Gavrilov IV, Katyreva IuE. · Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii (2015) ·

We've estimated the cellular and metabolic part of geroprophylactic effects of short synthetic tripeptides vesugen and pinealon for correction of the biological age. 32 people (18 men, 12 women) aged 41-83 years with polymorbidity and the organic brain syndrome in remission participated in the study.

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[Regulation of content of cytokines in blood serum and of caspase-3 activity in brains of old rats in model of sharp hypoxic hypoxia with Cortexin and Pinealon]
Mendzheritskiĭ AM, Karantysh GV, Ryzhak GA, Dem'ianenko SV. · Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii (2014) · animal

While studying the effects of Cortexin and Pinealon (Glu-Asp-Arg) on the caspase-3 activity in the brain, an interleykin-6 and a factor of tumor necrosis in blood serum of old rats under the sharp hypoxic hypoxia it was suggested that in hypoxia of brain conditions Pinealon forwards the increase of the neurogenesis and…

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Pinealon protects the rat offspring from prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia
Arutjunyan A, Kozina L, Stvolinskiy S, Bulygina Y, Mashkina A, Khavinson V. · International journal of clinical and experimental medicine (2012) · animal

The offspring of rats with experimental hyperhomocysteinemia caused by alimentary loading with dietary methionine within pregnancy has been studied.

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[Analysis of some parameters of biological age and adaptation possibilities of workers of locomotive brigades]
Nazimko VA, Morgul' EV, Petrova OA, Sheĭkhova RG, Kozina LS, Savenko MA, Lysenko DS. · Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii (2012) ·

The unfavorable factors of professional work of workers of locomotive brigades influence on speed of aging and adaptation possibilities of an organism.

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Pinealon increases cell viability by suppression of free radical levels and activating proliferative processes
Khavinson V, Ribakova Y, Kulebiakin K, Vladychenskaya E, Kozina L, Arutjunyan A, Boldyrev A. · Rejuvenation research (2011) · animal

The synthetic tripeptide pinealon (Glu-Asp-Arg) demonstrates dose-dependent restriction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in cerebellar granule cells, neutrophils, and pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells, induced by oxidative stress stimulated by receptor-dependent or -independent processes.

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