peptide wiki

Semaglutide

aka Semaglutide (GLP-1 agonist)

GLP-1 / Metabolic

Mechanism

Semaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist used for type 2 diabetes management and chronic weight management. It mimics the incretin hormone GLP-1 to regulate appetite and glucose metabolism.

Identification

CAS number910463-68-2
Molecular formulaC187H291N45O59
Typical dose0.25–2.4 mg (250–2400 mcg) subcutaneous once weekly; typically titrated from 0.25 mg/week, increasing every 4 weeks
Half-life~7 days

Vendors selling Semaglutide

VendorSizePriceListed purityTrust
Peptide Partners 50 mg $335.00 99
Orbitrex Peptides 10 mg $69.99 95
Orbitrex Peptides 20 mg $119.99 95
Profound Aminos 5 mg $79.00 95
Prime Peptides 5 mg $80.00 95
Prime Peptides 10 mg $80.00 95
Prime Peptides 15 mg $80.00 95
Skye Peptides 6 mg $60.00 90
Qihang Peptide 87
Peptidegurus 3 mg 84
Peptidegurus 4 mg 84
Peptidegurus 5 mg 84
Peptidegurus 6 mg 84
Peptidegurus 10 mg 84
Reta Peptide 83
Reta Peptide 83
Cocer Peptides 5 mg $80.00 82
Blank Peptides 10 mg $105.00 81
Crystal Peptides 5 mg $44.99 66
Crystal Peptides 10 mg $79.99 66
Nox Amino 10 mg $95.00 55
Peptiatlas 20 mg 51
Peptiatlas 51
Taishijie 51
Taikangbio 50
Zjpeptix 50
Hkuppeptide 20 mg $10.00 50
Hkuppeptide 10 mg $10.00 50
Hkuppeptide 15 mg $10.00 50
Hkuppeptide 20 mg $10.00 50
Hkuppeptide 10 mg $10.00 50
MEI-PEPETIDE 2 mg $45.00 48
DongCheng Peptide 46
Mandy 5 mg $26.00 43
HongDa Peptide $40.00 43
zztai Peptide Ltd 43
MJT peptides 5 mg $37.00 39
HK Peptide Ltd (hk peptides) 10 mg $60.00 37
Apollo Peptide Sciences 5 mg $79.99
Apollo Peptide Sciences 10 mg
Apollo Peptide Sciences 15 mg $159.99
Bulk Peptides 10 mg $200.00
Polaris Peptides 20 mg $175.00
Polaris Peptides 12.5 mg $105.00
Polaris Peptides 5 mg $50.00
Polaris Peptides 2 mg $30.00
Polaris Peptides 10 mg $90.00

Research

Efficacy and safety of zalfermin co-administered with semaglutide in participants with fibrosis and cirrhosis due to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: a phase 2, dose-ranging, double-blind, randomised controlled trial
Loomba R, George J, Castera L, Francque S, Lawitz E, Shoeb A, Clausen JO, Andersen B, Larsen AB, Gluud LL. · The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology (2026) ·

Background This phase 2 study evaluated once-weekly zalfermin and semaglutide for efficacy and safety in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis and clinically significant fibrosis, including patients with compensated cirrhosis (F4c).

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Semaglutide and Exercise Synergy in Obesity: Preserving Muscle Mass and Uncovering Organ Crosstalk
Inia JA, Droog S, Snabel J, Menke AL, Caspers MPM, de Jong JCBC, Jukema JW, Princen HMG, van den Hoek AM. · Diabetes & metabolism journal (2026) · animal

Background Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, effectively promotes weight loss and improves metabolic parameters in individuals with obesity. However, its use is often accompanied by reductions in lean mass, raising concerns about long-term muscle health.

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Comparative Effectiveness of CagriSegma, Semaglutide, Cagrilintide and Tirzepatide in the Management of Overweight and Obesity: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Hamarsheh S, Jaber AR, Abu-Khazneh O, Andonie CR, Majadleh S, Zahran A, Ayesh H. · Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism (2026) · cohort

Background Obesity is a chronic, progressive disease affecting over 1 billion adults worldwide, linked to serious comorbidities, including diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease and associated with increased mortality. Achieving clinically meaningful weight loss is critical to reducing cardiometabolic risk.

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Neuropsychiatric Outcomes With Tirzepatide, Semaglutide, and Other GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Chen SC, Wang TJ, Chou CK, Lee C. · Diabetes, obesity & metabolism (2026) ·

Aims Neuropsychiatric safety concerns, including depression and suicidal ideation, have emerged during the expanding clinical use of incretin-based therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. However, whether risks differ across successive generations of incretin-based therapies remains uncertain.

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Lower fall and femoral fracture risks with semaglutide and tirzepatide compared with DPP-4 inhibitors in older adults with type 2 diabetes
Chen HY, Wu JY, Chu YH, Chen TW, Huang CF. · Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA (2026) ·

This retrospective cohort study evaluated whether semaglutide and tirzepatide reduce the risk of falls and femoral fractures in older adults with type 2 diabetes and overweight or obesity. The findings showed significantly lower risks of both outcomes compared with DPP-4 inhibitors.

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Real-World Use of Semaglutide for Weight Management: Dose Titration, Discontinuation Patterns and Weight Changes
Skandov MD, Christensen KM, Dalin DA, Unkerskov J, Brønden A, Lund M, Christensen MB, Karstoft K. · Diabetes, obesity & metabolism (2026) ·

Aim In December 2022, semaglutide injections for weight management were marketed in Denmark. Pre-marketing trials documented high efficacy when adherence to the treatment and the recommended dose titration schedule was followed.

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Case Report: Latent autoimmune diabetes in two young female patients successfully treated with oral semaglutide and basal insulin
Lunati ME, Galesi G, Bernasconi D, Tinari C, Fiorina P. · Frontiers in endocrinology (2026) · case-report

Latent autoimmune diabetes in youth (LADY) is a poorly characterized form of autoimmune diabetes with onset between 8 and 29 years of age and with slow progression toward insulin dependence, similarly to latent autoimmune diabetes of the adult (LADA), which leads to diagnostic difficulties and possibly to therapeutic i…

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Partially reversible bilateral non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and branch retinal artery occlusion following semaglutide use. a case report
Alsakran WA, Alkhaldi HM, Magliyah MS. · BMC ophthalmology (2026) ·

Purpose To report a case of bilateral non-arteritic optic neuropathy (NA-AION) associated with unilateral branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) following semaglutide exposure and the partial improvement of bilateral disc swelling and partial recovery of visual function after the discontinuation of Semaglutide.

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Effect of Semaglutide on Measured vs Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate
Yahya R, Iversen E, Sivalingam S, Christensen LWS, Persson F, Hansen TW, Hornum M, Rossing P, Curovic VR, Houlind MB. · Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association (2026) ·

Background and hypothesis Semaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist widely used for its glucose-lowering effects in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D), as well as its cardiovascular and kidney-protective properties.

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Semaglutide cardiovascular outcomes align more closely with attained dose than achieved weight loss
Murugadoss K, Venkatakrishnan AJ, Gregg CJ, Soundararajan V. · NPJ cardiovascular health (2026) ·

Semaglutide is often optimized to maximize weight loss, yet it remains unclear whether long-term cardiovascular benefit is more closely associated with achieved weight reduction or therapeutic exposure. We conducted a retrospective observational study using a federated, de-identified U.S.

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Semaglutide and Effort-Based Decision-Making in Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Gill H, Badulescu S, Shah H, Brudner RM, Phan L, Di Vincenzo JD, Tabassum A, Thanarajah SE, Llach CD, Rosenblat JD, McIntyre RS, Mansur RB. · JAMA psychiatry (2026) · rct

Importance Consistent results from preclinical and clinical studies indicate that activation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors (GLP-1 Rs) affects reward processes; however, to our knowledge, no study has previously evaluated whether a GLP-1 R agonist (GLP-1 RA) affects motivated behavior in individuals with major de…

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The risk of retinal vascular events in patients using semaglutide: a scoping review
Choujaa Goudira S, Højlund K, Grauslund J. · Ophthalmologica. Journal international d'ophtalmologie. International journal of ophthalmology. Zeitschrift fur Augenheilkunde (2026) · review

Background This scoping review aims to explore existing clinical trials on the association between semaglutide use and the occurrence of retinal vascular events to detect any potential safety concern.

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Investigating the Impact of GLP-1 RA Therapy on Osteosarcopenia in Older Female Adults With Diabetes
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2026) · rct

The goal of this study is to learn how GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy affects muscle and bone health in older females over age 65 with type 2 diabetes. The main question it aims to answer is whether or not 6 months of GLP-1 RA therapy affects muscle strength.

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A Study to Measure the Effects of Using Tradipitant on Nausea and Vomiting After GLP-1R Agonist Use
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2025) · rct

The goal of this study is to measure the effects of using Tradipitant after GLP-1R agonist use on nausea and vomiting in healthy overweight, class I, or class II obese volunteers. The study is placebo-controlled with two treatment arms.

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A Study Investigating Oral Semaglutide in People with Open-Angle Glaucoma
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2025) · rct

The aim of this clinical trial is to investigate whether oral semaglutide can be used to treat open-angle glaucoma.

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Semaglutide Treatment for Hyperglycaemia After Renal Transplantation
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2024) · rct

Background: Post-transplant hyperglycaemia occurs frequently in renal transplant recipients within the first two weeks after transplantation. Standard-of-care is primarily based on insulin treatment with the adherent risk of hypoglycaemia and weight gain.

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Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide for Weight Loss in Obesity Without Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Tan HC, et al. · J ASEAN Fed Endocr Soc (2022) · meta-analysis · evidence A

Systematic review and meta-analysis of semaglutide for weight loss in obesity without diabetes; consistent, clinically meaningful reductions.

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Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity.
Wilding JPH, et al. · N Engl J Med (2021) · rct · evidence A

Phase 3 RCT (STEP 1): once-weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg produced ~15% mean body-weight reduction vs placebo over 68 weeks in adults with overweight or obesity.

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Effect of Continued Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide vs Placebo on Weight Loss Maintenance in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: The STEP 4 Randomized Clinical Trial.
Rubino D, et al. · JAMA (2021) · rct · evidence A

RCT (STEP 4): continued semaglutide 2.4 mg maintained weight loss; switching to placebo led to regain, supporting ongoing treatment.

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A Research Study to Look at How Semaglutide Affects Gastric Emptying in People With Obesity
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2019) · rct

This study will look at how the emptying of the participant's stomach after a meal is affected by semaglutide (a new medicine) compared to a "dummy" medicine. In addition, the study will also look at the effect of semaglutide on the participant's appetite and energy intake.

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A Study of Tirzepatide in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2019) · rct

This is a study for participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The main purpose of this study is to learn more about how tirzepatide, semaglutide and placebo affect the body's ability to respond to blood sugar levels after a meal. The study will last up to 40 weeks, including a 28-week treatment period.

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Effects of GLP-1 Agonists on CArdiac Steatosis Evaluated by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2018) · rct

Type II diabetes is a known risk factor for heart failure, particularly through the progressive development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cardiac metabolic parameters, including myocardial steatosis and epicardial fat, are altered in diabetic patients.

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Efficacy and Long-term Safety of Oral Semaglutide Versus Sitagliptin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2016) · rct

This trial is conducted globally. The aim of the trial is to investigate efficacy and long-term safety of oral semaglutide versus sitagliptin in subjects with type 2 diabetes.

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