peptide wiki

Tirzepatide

aka Tirzepatide (GIP/GLP-1 dual receptor agonist — Mounjaro, Zepbound)

GLP-1 / Metabolic

Mechanism

Tirzepatide is a unimolecular dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist with a half-life of approximately 5 days, enabling once-weekly subcutaneous dosing. It is FDA-approved as Mounjaro for type 2 diabetes (2022), Zepbound for chronic weight management in adults with obesity or overweight with a weight-related comorbidity (2023), and Zepbound for moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea in adults with obesity (2024). It carries a BOXED WARNING for thyroid C-cell tumors and is contraindicated in patients with a personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) or Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN 2).

Identification

CAS number2023788-19-2
Molecular formulaC225H348N48O68
SequenceYXEGTFTSDYSIXLDKIAQKAFVQWLIAGGPSSGAPPPSamide
Typical dose2.5–15 mg once weekly subcutaneous injection (research studies mirror clinical titration: start 2.5 mg/week, escalate by 2.5 mg every 4 weeks to max 15 mg/week)
Half-life~5 days (~120 hours)

Vendors selling Tirzepatide

VendorSizePriceListed purityTrust
Peptide Partners 80 mg $297.00 99
Crush Research 20 mg 95
Crush Research 30 mg $199.00 95
Orbitrex Peptides 10 mg $59.99 95
Orbitrex Peptides 15 mg $79.99 95
Orbitrex Peptides 30 mg $129.99 95
Orbitrex Peptides 60 mg $199.99 95
Profound Aminos 5 mg $69.00 95
Skye Peptides 10 mg $89.00 90
Qihang Peptide 87
Peptidegurus 6 mg 84
Peptidegurus 10 mg 84
Peptidegurus 12 mg 84
Peptidegurus 15 mg 84
Peptidegurus 16 mg 84
Peptidegurus 30 mg 84
Peptidegurus 50 mg 84
Reta Peptide 83
Cocer Peptides 10 mg $110.00 82
Blank Peptides 30 mg $120.00 81
Blank Peptides 10 mg $120.00 81
Crystal Peptides 10 mg $99.00 66
Crystal Peptides 20 mg $159.99 66
Crystal Peptides 30 mg $199.99 66
Peptiatlas 51
Peptiatlas 51
Zjpeptix 30 mg 50
Hkuppeptide 20 mg $10.00 50
MEI-PEPETIDE 48
DongCheng Peptide 46
Mandy 5 mg $26.00 43
HongDa Peptide $43.00 43
zztai Peptide Ltd 43
MJT peptides 5 mg $40.00 39
HK Peptide Ltd (hk peptides) 30 mg $150.00 37
HK Peptide Ltd (hk peptides) 60 mg $300.00 37
Apollo Peptide Sciences 15 mg $149.99
Apollo Peptide Sciences 20 mg
Apollo Peptide Sciences 30 mg $279.99
Apollo Peptide Sciences 60 mg $489.99
Apollo Peptide Sciences 15 mg $1399.99
NG Peptide 20 mg $65.00
Strate Labs 10 mg $39.95
Strate Labs 30 mg $69.95
Strate Labs 60 mg $149.95
Bulk Peptides 20 mg $390.00
Polaris Peptides 60 mg $360.00
Polaris Peptides 50 mg $320.00
Polaris Peptides 30 mg $250.00
Polaris Peptides 10 mg $99.00
Polaris Peptides 5 mg $55.00

Research

Effect of short-term tirzepatide treatment on mean platelet volume in patients with obesity: a retrospective controlled study
Demircan F, Ozozan OV, Gozel N. · BMC endocrine disorders (2026) ·

Objective Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, increased cardiovascular risk, and alterations in platelet indices [1-5]. Mean platelet volume (MPV) is an easily obtainable surrogate marker that has been linked to platelet activation and inflammatory burden [4, 6-8].

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Tirzepatide as a therapeutic tool for kidney impairment in obesity: insights from a real-world study
Galasso M, Verde L, Patrone R, Ragozzino G, Annunziata G, Colao A, Barrea L, Muscogiuri G. · Journal of translational medicine (2026) ·

Background Obesity is a major risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD), contributing to kidney dysfunction through metabolic alterations and chronic inflammation.

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Tirzepatide, cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in obesity and diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Spiazzi BF, Zingano CP, Colpani V, Gerchman F. · Diabetes research and clinical practice (2026) ·

Aims To assess the effect of tirzepatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide agonist, on cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in subjects with overweight/obesity, or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

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Effects of Tirzepatide in Obesity-Related HFpEF by Sex: A Prespecified Secondary Analysis From the SUMMIT Trial
Borlaug BA, Zile MR, Kramer CM, Litwin SE, Ye W, Ou Y, Hurt K, Murakami M, Packer M, SUMMIT Trial Group. · JACC. Heart failure (2026) ·

Background The SUMMIT trial showed that the long-acting glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide decreased risk of cardiovascular death or worsening heart failure (HF) in patients with obesity-related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (H…

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Comparative Cardiovascular Outcomes of Tirzepatide and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
Wu JY, Lee KW, Kao CL, Hung KC, Yu T, Lin YM. · Journal of the American Heart Association (2026) ·

Background To evaluate the association between tirzepatide use and 1-year risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, compared with GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) receptor agonists.

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Safety Profile of Tirzepatide in Real-World Clinical Practice: A Pharmacovigilance Study Using the FAERS Database
Guo X, Zhang J, Li Q, Ye Z, Yuan S. · Diabetes, obesity & metabolism (2026) ·

Aims Tirzepatide, a first-in-class dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist, was approved by the FDA for type 2 diabetes mellitus (2022) and chronic weight management (2023). Despite superior efficacy in trials, its real-world safety profile remains incompletely characterised.

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Tirzepatide and risk of newly diagnosed aortic stenosis in patients with obesity: a multi-institutional real-world cohort study
Wu JY, Lee KW, Huang SC, Chang HY, Lin YM. · BMC cardiovascular disorders (2026) ·

Background Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of degenerative aortic stenosis (AS), yet no pharmacologic therapy has been proven to prevent AS onset.

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Tirzepatide and reduced risk of pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis: a multicenter U.S. cohort study
Kahkedjian F, Shah J, Kreidieh F. · Frontiers in endocrinology (2026) ·

Background Tirzepatide is a dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist used in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity.

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Lower fall and femoral fracture risks with semaglutide and tirzepatide compared with DPP-4 inhibitors in older adults with type 2 diabetes
Chen HY, Wu JY, Chu YH, Chen TW, Huang CF. · Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA (2026) ·

This retrospective cohort study evaluated whether semaglutide and tirzepatide reduce the risk of falls and femoral fractures in older adults with type 2 diabetes and overweight or obesity. The findings showed significantly lower risks of both outcomes compared with DPP-4 inhibitors.

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Tirzepatide compared with semaglutide in obesity disease: a subpopulation analysis applying Japan Society for the Study of Obesity criteria in the global SURMOUNT-5 trial
Kitamoto T, Yoshino M, Shingaki T, Oura T, Gomez Valderas E, Dunn JP. · Current medical research and opinion (2026) ·

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tirzepatide versus semaglutide in individuals eligible for pharmacotherapy for obesity disease under Japan's national insurance criteria, where obesity is defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m 2 with excess adiposity.

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Tirzepatide Regulates Pacemaker Function by Modulating cAMP and Calcium Dynamics in Human Sinoatrial Node Cells
Ren L, Belbachir N, Zhang H, Thai PN, Huang R, Zhu W, Wu X, Xie M, Gao J, Kim HY, Liu T, Sun J, Ghazizadeh Z, Navedo MF, Wu JC. · Circulation (2026) ·
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Tirzepatide as a multi-organ integrator in metabolic diseases: a review of molecular mechanisms and clinical translation
Khan I, Meenakshi S, Abubakar M, Kumar N, Gaikwad VL, Rai A, Murti K. · Endocrine (2026) · review

Introduction Metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, dyslipidemia, Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD), and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), are characterized by a complex and interconnected pathophysiological syndrome.

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Resistance Exercise and Incretin Mimetic for Cardiometabolic Health in Survivors of ALL With Obesity
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2026) · rct

This is a 28-week, single-arm, open-label phase II clinical trial evaluating the combination of Tirzepatide and remote, supervised, tailored resistance exercise training to achieve weight loss in adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) living with obesity or overweight with comorbidity.

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Safety and Efficacy of NA-931 and Tirzepatide in Adults Who Are Overweight or Obese
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2026) · rct

A phase 2 study to assess the efficacy of NA-931 alone or in addition to Tirzepatide to assess efficacy and safety in overweight or obese men and women

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Clinical and Neurobehavioral Changes With Weight Loss Drug Discontinuation and Reinitiation
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2026) · rct

The goal of this clinical study with research procedures is to learn how stopping and restarting tirzepatide (a medication that helps regulate blood sugar and appetite) affects brain activity, behavior, and health in adults ages 18-70 who are currently taking tirzepatide.

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Separate and Combined Extrapancreatic Effects of GIP and GLP-1
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2025) · rct

The two gut-derived hormones, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) are secreted from intestinal cells in relation to a meal and increase insulin secretion from the pancreas.

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Moving Beyond Inflammation as a Therapeutic Target for Crohn's Disease
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2025) · rct

The purpose of this research study is to evaluate what type of treatment will be beneficial for people with Crohn's disease and difficult to treat inflammation in the small bowel. Current therapies are used to control the inflammation due to Crohn's disease in your digestive tract.

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GLP-1s to Enhance Lasting Optimal Weight
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2025) · rct

The goal of this study is to examine how tirzepatide affects body composition, bone health, and physical performance in older adults over a nine-month period.

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Comparative Effectiveness of Tirzepatide vs Semaglutide in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes and Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2025) · cohort

This cohort study aims to assess the comparative effectiveness of tirzepatide versus semaglutide with respect to cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

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Continued Treatment With Tirzepatide for Maintenance of Weight Reduction in Adults With Obesity: The SURMOUNT-4 Randomized Clinical Trial.
Aronne LJ, et al. · JAMA (2024) · rct · evidence A

RCT (SURMOUNT-4): continued tirzepatide maintained weight reduction; withdrawal led to substantial regain.

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Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity in people with type 2 diabetes (SURMOUNT-2): a double-blind, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.
Garvey WT, et al. · Lancet (2023) · rct · evidence A

Phase 3 RCT (SURMOUNT-2): tirzepatide for obesity in adults with type 2 diabetes; significant weight reduction vs placebo.

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Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity.
Jastreboff AM, et al. · N Engl J Med (2022) · rct · evidence A

Phase 3 RCT (SURMOUNT-1): once-weekly tirzepatide produced up to ~21% mean weight loss vs placebo over 72 weeks in adults with obesity.

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A Study of Tirzepatide in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2019) · rct

This is a study for participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The main purpose of this study is to learn more about how tirzepatide, semaglutide and placebo affect the body's ability to respond to blood sugar levels after a meal. The study will last up to 40 weeks, including a 28-week treatment period.

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