SS-31
aka Elamipretide
Mechanism
SS-31 (elamipretide) is a mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide (D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2) developed by Hazel Szeto (Cornell) and clinically advanced by Stealth BioTherapeutics. It concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane by binding cardiolipin. In September 2025, the FDA granted accelerated approval to elamipretide (brand name FORZINITY) as the first therapy for Barth syndrome — the first FDA-approved mitochondria-targeted drug. It remains investigational for other indications.
Identification
| CAS number | 736992-21-5 |
|---|---|
| Molecular formula | C32H49N9O5 |
| Sequence | D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2 |
| Typical dose | 40 mg/day subcutaneous (clinical); research range 0.1–2 mg/kg/day subcutaneous |
| Half-life | ~4 hours (subcutaneous) |
Vendors selling SS-31
| Vendor | Size | Price | Listed purity | Trust |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peptide Partners | 10 mg | $110.00 | — | 99 |
| Peptide Partners | 50 mg | $320.00 | — | 99 |
| Moglabs | 10 mg | $46.00 | — | 96 |
| Orbitrex Peptides | — | $79.99 | — | 95 |
| Profound Aminos | 10 mg | $49.00 | — | 95 |
| Reta One Labs | 10 mg | $34.00 | — | 95 |
| Licensed Peptides | 10 mg | $99.99 | — | 95 |
| Licensed Peptides | 50 mg | $99.99 | — | 95 |
| Mile High Compounds | — | $69.99 | — | 94 |
| Hydro Research Peptides | 50 mg | $1.75 | — | 91 |
| Peptide Plugs | 10 mg | $40.00 | — | 89 |
| Peptide Plugs | 50 mg | $130.00 | — | 89 |
| Peptidegurus | 10 mg | — | — | 84 |
| Peptidegurus | 10 mg | — | — | 84 |
| Peptidegurus | 25 mg | — | — | 84 |
| Peptidegurus | 50 mg | — | — | 84 |
| Ascension Peptides | 10 mg | $60.00 | — | 84 |
| Reta Peptide | — | — | — | 83 |
| Cocer Peptides | 10 mg | $120.00 | — | 82 |
| OROS Research | 10 mg | — | — | 79 |
| OROS Research | 30 mg | — | — | 79 |
| Texpeptide | 10 mg | $55.00 | — | 70 |
| Crystal Peptides | 10 mg | $49.99 | — | 66 |
| Qing Li Peptide | — | — | — | 63 |
| Qing Li Peptide | 10 mg | — | — | 63 |
| Peptiatlas | — | — | — | 51 |
| Taishijie | — | — | — | 51 |
| Taikangbio | — | — | — | 50 |
| MEI-PEPETIDE | 10 mg | $85.00 | — | 48 |
| DongCheng Peptide | — | — | — | 46 |
| Mandy | 10 mg | $74.00 | — | 43 |
| HongDa Peptide | — | $109.00 | — | 43 |
| zztai Peptide Ltd | — | — | — | 43 |
| MJT peptides | 10 mg | $106.00 | — | 39 |
| Alpha Peptides | — | — | — | — |
| Strate Labs | 50 mg | $144.95 | — | — |
| Atomik Labz | 50 mg | $199.00 | — | — |
| Bulk Peptides | 10 mg | $200.00 | — | — |
| Genetic Peptide | 10 mg | $60.00 | — | — |
| Genetic Peptide | 50 mg | $60.00 | — | — |
| Nextech Labs | 50 mg | $115.00 | — | — |
| Peptira | 50 mg | $139.00 | — | — |
| Peptira | 10 mg | $49.00 | — | — |
| Pepvida Labs | 50 mg | $159.00 | — | — |
| Platinum Lion | 50 mg | $139.99 | — | — |
| Polaris Peptides | 25 mg | $129.00 | — | — |
| Solution Peptides | 50 mg | $199.00 | — | — |
| Soma Peptides | 10 mg | $59.00 | — | — |
| Soma Peptides | 25 mg | $59.00 | — | — |
| True Peptide | 50 mg | $160.00 | — | — |
| True Peptide | 10 mg | $50.00 | — | — |
| True Peptide | 50 mg | $50.00 | — | — |
| Wellness Peptides | 10 mg | $55.00 | — | — |
| Wellness Peptides | 50 mg | $55.00 | — | — |
Research
Exposure to ionizing radiation, such as from radiation therapy or accidental radiation exposure can have adverse effects on the heart. While radiation injury in the heart may include cardiomyocyte senescence, there are no available strategies to prevent this phenomenon.
source →Doxorubicin (DOX), an effective chemotherapeutic agent for many types of cancer, is known for significant cardiotoxic side effects, which largely limit its clinical usage.
source →Background Exercise intolerance, promoted by skeletal muscle- and mitochondrial dysfunction, has been identified as a therapeutic target in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).
source →Membrane binding and aggregation properties of α-synuclein are closely associated with Parkinson's disease and a class of related syndromes named as synucleinopathy.
source →Ischemic stroke is a severe cerebrovascular disorder characterized by a cascade of pathological processes, including neuroinflammation and apoptosis. These processes lead to high mortality rates and long-term disabilities, imposing substantial socioeconomic burdens.
source →Spinal cord injury (SCI) induces secondary damage characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, which collectively impede neurological recovery. Elamipretide (SS-31) is a mitochondria-targeting peptide with potential neuroprotective effects.
source →Reproductive aging is closely associated with poor oocyte quality in vitro maturation, but effective approaches to ameliorate it have still not been fully determined. Here, we found that SS-31 supplementation efficaciously improved oocyte maturation and early embryonic development from aged mice.
source →Background Ozone (O₃) exposure induces acute airway injury characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and airway mucus hypersecretion (AMH). Oxidative stress and mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (mtROS) are key contributors.
source →Accumulating evidence suggests that ferroptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction contribute significantly to brain injury following cardiac arrest (CA) and resuscitation.
source →To investigate the role of endothelial glycocalyx (eGC) degradation in mediating the progression from systemic inflammation to neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in aged rats, and to explore the protective effects of the mitochondrial-targeted peptide SS-31.
source →This study delves into the rejuvenating effects of SS-31 on aged human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BM-MSCs), focusing on its potential to restore their diminished osteogenic differentiation capacity, a critical issue in geriatric medicine and bone tissue engineering.
source →Objective The aim of this research was to investigate if the mitochondria- targeting peptide SS-31 could serve as a protective measure against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Method Mice were split into four groups named CON group, SS-31 group, BLM group, and the BLM + SS-31 group.
source →To evaluate the safety, tolerability, and activity of Elamipretide in treating vision loss in Friedreich Ataxia (FRDA).
source →Actually no treatment exists to prevent the loss of diaphragmatic function induced by mechanical ventilation during an intensive care unit stay. The consequence is a growing number of survivors with moderate to severe chronic respiratory disease so called Ventilation-Induced Diaphragmatic Dysfunction (VIDD).
source →