peptide wiki

MOTS-c

aka Mitochondrial Open reading frame of the Twelve S rRNA type-c

GLP-1 / Metabolic

Mechanism

MOTS-c is an investigational mitochondrial-derived peptide studied preclinically for metabolic regulation. It is research-only and not FDA-approved; the CB4211 analog program (CohBar) was discontinued in 2023.

Identification

CAS number1627580-64-6
Molecular formulaC101H152N28O22S2
SequenceMRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR
Typical dose5–10 mg subcutaneous, 2–3 times per week (research use)
Half-life~4–6 hours (estimated; exercise-induced endogenous levels return to baseline within ~4 hours)

Vendors selling MOTS-c

VendorSizePriceListed purityTrust
Peptide Partners 20 mg $91.00 99
Peptide Partners 80 mg $252.00 99
Glacier Aminos 10 mg $45.99 99
Glacier Aminos 20 mg $45.99 99
Moglabs 10 mg $38.00 96
BioLongevity Labs 10 mg $109.97 96
Crush Research 10 mg 95
Crush Research 20 mg 95
Crush Research 40 mg 95
Orbitrex Peptides 10 mg $49.99 95
Profound Aminos 10 mg $69.00 95
Ion Peptide $42.00 95
Reta One Labs 40 mg $72.00 95
Reta One Labs 10 mg $29.00 95
Licensed Peptides 10 mg $449.96 95
Licensed Peptides 10 mg $76.99 95
Licensed Peptides 40 mg $76.99 95
Prime Peptides 10 mg $55.00 95
Peptide Tech 10 mg $43.99 94
Mile High Compounds 10 mg $49.99 94
Mile High Compounds 40 mg $49.99 94
Forge Performance Co. 20 mg $60.00 94
Amino Club $39.99 93
Riptide Wellness $127.99 92
Hydro Research Peptides 10 mg $0.35 91
Skye Peptides 10 mg $54.00 90
Peptidology 10 mg $49.00 89
Peptidology 40 mg $49.00 89
Peptide Plugs 10 mg $30.00 89
Peptide Plugs 40 mg $100.00 89
Qihang Peptide 87
Verified Peptides $43.00 86
EZ Peptides 10 mg $54.00 85
Simple Peptide $149.00 85
Simple Peptide $43.00 85
Peptidegurus 5 mg 84
Peptidegurus 10 mg 84
Ascension Peptides 10 mg $49.00 84
Reta Peptide 83
Cocer Peptides 10 mg $88.00 82
MedGe Peptides 10 mg $65.00 82
Blank Peptides 10 mg $55.00 81
OROS Research 10 mg 79
OROS Research 20 mg 79
Texpeptide 10 mg $45.00 70
Crystal Peptides 10 mg $44.99 66
Qing Li Peptide 63
Qing Li Peptide 10 mg 63
Certified Peptides 40 mg $160.00 62
Certified Peptides 20 mg $90.00 62
Certified Peptides 10 mg $58.00 62
Nox Amino 10 mg $59.00 55
Peptiatlas 51
Taishijie 51
Taikangbio 50
MEI-PEPETIDE 10 mg $60.00 48
DongCheng Peptide 46
Mandy 10 mg $49.00 43
HongDa Peptide $71.00 43
zztai Peptide Ltd 43
MJT peptides 10 mg $68.00 39
Alpha Peptides
Cernum Biosciences 10 mg $69.99
NG Peptide 40 mg $80.00
Ruo Bio 10 mg $36.00
AMC Essentials 40 mg $89.99
Alpha Omega $149.00
Alpha Omega $43.00
Amino Sequence 40 mg $95.00
Arcane Peptides 10 mg $45.00
Atomik Labz 40 mg $99.00
Atomik Labz 10 mg $39.00
Biotech Peptides 10 mg $99.00
Bulk Peptides 10 mg $180.00
Core Peptides 10 mg $116.00
Felix Chemical Supply 10 mg $59.99
Flawless Compounds
Genetic Peptide 10 mg $110.00
Genetic Peptide 20 mg $110.00
Genetic Peptide 60 mg $110.00
Ignite Peptides 10 mg $48.00
Kimera Chems 10 mg $51.99
Lumi Peptides $70.00
Lumi Peptides $40.00
Modern Research Peptides $34.99
Nextech Labs 10 mg $99.99
Nova Peptides 10 mg $49.99
Nova Peptides 40 mg $49.99
Oasis Labs 10 mg $48.50
Oasis Labs 40 mg $48.50
Oneday Compounds 10 mg $54.99
Paramount Peptides 10 mg $65.00
Peptide Crafters 15 mg $55.00
Peptide Crafters 10 mg $30.00
Peptira 40 mg $139.00
Peptira 10 mg $49.00
Pepvida Labs 10 mg $49.00
Platinum Lion $114.99
Polaris Peptides 10 mg $55.00
Puratek Peptides 10 mg $29.95
Puratek Peptides 40 mg $29.95
S1 Research 40 mg $45.00
S1 Research 10 mg $45.00
Solution Peptides 40 mg $99.00
Solution Peptides 10 mg $39.00
Soma Peptides 10 mg $79.00
Southern Aminos 10 mg $30.94
Southern Aminos 40 mg $30.94
True Peptide 40 mg $108.00
True Peptide 10 mg $36.00
Welli Labs $29.99
Welli Labs $52.99

Research

Mitophagy and Mitochondrial DNA Dynamics During Ramadan Dry Fasting vs 16:8 Time-Restricted Feeding
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2027) · cohort

This study investigates how different types of fasting affect cell health, specifically focusing on how mitochondria (the energy-producing parts of cells) are cleared and renewed.

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Are serum MOTS-c levels and MOTS-c m.1382A>C polymorphism related to polycystic ovary syndrome?
Filibeli BE, Dedemoglu F, Garipçin P, Bulut S, Başok Bİ, Kizildağ S, Dündar B, Çatli G. · Archives of endocrinology and metabolism (2026) ·

Objective MOTS-c is a mitochondria-derived peptide associated with reduced insulin resistance and obesity. The m.1382A>C polymorphism of the MOTS-c gene is linked to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in men.

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MOTS-c partially protects against skeletal muscle deterioration in C26 cachexia
Jamnick NA, Livingston PD, Gammon CJ, Weinzierl NM, Novinger LJ, Bonetto A. · Frontiers in medicine (2026) · animal

Background Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial metabolic syndrome marked by progressive skeletal muscle loss, reduced function, and increased mortality. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key driver of this phenotype.

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Humanin and MOTS-c Attenuate Atrial Fibrillation by Suppressing Fibrosis and Mitochondrial Dysfunction
Liao Y, Xu J, Jiao Y, Sun X, Gao M, Ding Y, Cai D, Shen Y, Zhou X, Han W. · Biomedicines (2026) ·

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common clinical arrhythmia associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and atrial fibrosis. Mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs), including humanin (HN) and MOTS-c, exhibit cytoprotective properties, but their role in AF remains largely unknown.

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Mitochondrial peptide MOTS-c suppresses systemic and cardiac inflammasome activation in a diabetic rat model
Mills AR, de Souza A, Pham T, Mugisho OO. · Experimental physiology (2026) ·

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with chronic systemic and cardiac inflammation, contributing to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy.

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MOTS-c: How a secreted mitochondrial microprotein may become a potential treatment for inflammatory lung diseases
Amado CA, Agüero J, García-Unzueta M, Berja A, Lavín BA, Martín-Audera P. · Journal of translational medicine (2026) · review

Background MOTS-c is a mitochondrial-derived microprotein (mitokine) encoded within the 12 S rRNA gene that exerts intracrine, paracrine, and endocrine effects across multiple tissues.

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MOTS-c is associated with oxidative stress and arterial stiffness in peritoneal dialysis patients: a pilot study
Musolino M, Roumeliotis A, Roumeliotis S, Zicarelli M, Ruosi F, Greco M, Misiti R, Foti DP, Sgouropoulou V, Kocic G, Veljkovic A, Neofytou IE, Alekos I, Papas E, Duni A, Bolignano, et al. · International urology and nephrology (2026) ·

Purpose Oxidative stress (OS) and endothelial dysfunction are major drivers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in peritoneal dialysis (PD).

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MOTS-c primes adrenal cortex metabolism without directly driving steroidogenesis
Blatkiewicz M, Kaminski K, Sobalska-Kwapis M, Szyszka M, Olechnowicz A, Jopek K, Rucinski M. · Folia histochemica et cytobiologica (2026) · animal

Introduction Mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA type-c (MOTS-c), a 16-amino acid mitochondrial-derived peptide, regulates cellular metabolism through AMPK and mTOR signaling and exerts protective effects across multiple endocrine tissues. However, its role in adrenal physiology remains unexplored.

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MOTS-c preserves mitochondrial subpopulation bioenergetics and genome integrity to attenuate cardiac ischemia reperfusion injury
Santhanam SS, Jayaraman S, Rajesh SS, Iyer VNH, Kurian GA. · Molecular biology reports (2026) · animal

Background Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes substantially to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury through impaired bioenergetics, oxidative stress, and disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis.

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Reduced Circulating MOTS-c Levels in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Reflect Integrated Autoimmune and Metabolic Dysregulation: A Cross-Sectional Study
Sonay HO, Duran EN, Algemi M, Sahtiyanci B, Utku IK, Çokiçli E, Misirlioglu NF, Simsek G, Uzun H, Tabak O. · Journal of clinical medicine (2026) ·

Background : Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is a common autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic inflammation and metabolic alterations.

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Mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c targets SLC7A11 to preserve spermatogenesis by suppressing ferroptosis
Liu S, Ru K, Shen YJ, Yan Y, Zhu C, Wang H, Xu Y, Wang X, Yang H, Zhao S, Gong Y, Tian Y, Qian A, Yang H, Chen Z. · Free radical biology & medicine (2026) ·

Mitochondrial function is critical for spermatogenesis and male fertility. MOTS-c, a mitochondrially encoded regulatory peptide, has recently been reported to effectively protect testicular spermatogenesis in mice, but its specific role and mechanism remain unclear.

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MOTS-c, a mitochondrial-derived peptide, ameliorates lysosomal membrane permeability and improves survival of soft tissue transplantation
Shi J, Wu Y, Liu X, Xia W, Wu J, Lou J, Zhang X, Zhang J, Yang N, Chi W, Xiang L, Zhang Y, Shu Y, Miao R, Zhao J, Zhu X, Qi J, Xiao J, Zhou K. · Autophagy (2026) · animal

Distal ischemic necrosis remains a major challenge in reconstructive surgery. Mitochondria and lysosomes interact via signaling and membrane contacts to maintain cellular homeostasis.

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Comparison of the Effects of General Anesthesia and Combined Spinal-Epidural Anesthesia on Ferroptosis, Humanin and MOTS-c Levels in Renal Transplantation
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2026) · rct

Renal transplantation is the most effective renal replacement therapy for patients with end-stage renal disease. Ischemia-reperfusion injury may adversely affect graft function and long-term outcomes.

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MOTS-c for Improving Insulin Sensitivity in Adults With Prediabetes and Overweight/Obesity
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2026) · rct

This Phase 2a study evaluates whether 12 weeks of treatment with investigational MOTS-c improves insulin sensitivity compared with placebo in adults with prediabetes and overweight/obesity.

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Analysis of Effects of High-intensity Physical Exercise in Subjects With Dialyzed Chronic Kidney Disease and in Conservative Treatment
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2025) · rct

This study aims to analyze the effects of physical activity in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing dialysis or conservative treatment. Patients will be randomized into two groups: combined exercise (high-intensity aerobic resistance + strength training) and control group

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MOTS-c reduces myostatin and muscle atrophy signaling.
Kumagai H, et al. · Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab (2021) · animal · evidence C

MOTS-c reduced myostatin and muscle-atrophy signaling in preclinical models.

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Exercise Post-Diagnosis of Breast Cancer
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2019) · rct

The investigators are doing this study to determine if there are body composition changes after a 12-week exercise program in breast cancer patients and determine what factors contribute to sustained physical activity after the 12-week exercise program intervention.

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The Cardiovascular Effect of GLP-1 Agonist, SGLT2 Inhibitor and Their Combination
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2017) · cohort

A.

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MOTS-c: A novel mitochondrial-derived peptide regulating muscle and fat metabolism.
Lee C, et al. · Free Radic Biol Med (2016) · review · evidence C

Review of MOTS-c as a mitochondrial-derived peptide regulating muscle and fat metabolism. Preclinical.

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Cohort Of DEafness-gene Screening
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2016) · cohort

This study was based on a concurrent newborn genetic and hearing screening program in Nantong city. From January 2016 to December 2020, newborn infants were recruited and received combined screening for free, funded in part by the municipal government and research project foundations.

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The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance.
Lee C, et al. · Cell Metab (2015) · animal · evidence C

Foundational study: the mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c improved metabolic homeostasis and reduced obesity and insulin resistance in mice. Preclinical.

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Platelet Reactivity, B-amyloid, MOTS-c and Mortality of Type II Diabetics With CAD
· ClinicalTrials.gov (2014) · cohort

Increased circulating b-amyloid and decreased Mitochondrial-derived peptide (MOTS-c), a peptide improving tissue insulin sensitivity, are reported in diabetes.

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MOTS-c partially protects against skeletal muscle deterioration in C26 cachexia
Jamnick N, Livingston P, Gammon C, Weinzierl N, Novinger L, Bonetto A. · Frontiers in medicine () ·
source →